棉花品种次生代谢物质含量差异对棉铃虫生长的影响

用不同棉花品种的嫩叶饲养棉铃虫幼虫，其相对生长率、相对取食量、近似消化率、食物转化率、食物利用率均不相同。感虫品种与高抗品种间的差异显著。运用逐步回归分析，建立了棉叶中６个影响因子（棉酚、单宁、油腺、总蛋白、总糖、单糖）与幼虫相对生长率之间关系的数学模型，并明确了各因子所起的作用。通过主成分分析，明确第１主成分为棉酚、单宁和油腺的作用，第２主成分为总糖、总蛋白的作用     

博斯腾湖生态环境的演变

本文叙述了近30年来博斯腾湖水位、容积、水质、芦苇资源、渔业资源、水生生物等的变化,并对博斯腾湖未来的环境演变作了预测。     

灭幼脲类对玉米螟幼虫的生物活性及防治效果

本文报道灭幼脲类——TH_(6040)对玉米螟幼虫具有很高的生物活性及显著的防治效果。室内测定证明:玉米螟低龄幼虫在含有3ppm浓度TH_(6040)的人工饲料中取食后,存活率降低88～100％。田间试验证明:在春玉米心叶末期施用一次0.045％TH_(6040)颗粒剂,第一代幼虫存活数量降低80％。由此看出,具有改变昆虫生理功能作用的TH_(6040)可应用于玉米螟的综合防治。     

Mutation and virulence assessment of chromosomal genes of Rhodococcus equi 103

Rhodococcus equi can cause severe or fatal pneumonia in foals as well as in immunocompromised animals and humans. Its ability to persist in macrophages is fundamental to how it causes disease, but the basis of this is poorly understood. To examine further the general application of a recently developed system of targeted gene mutation and to assess the importance of different genes in resistance to innate immune defenses, we disrupted the genes encoding high-temperature requirement A (htrA), nitrate reductase (narG), peptidase D (pepD), phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase (purC), and superoxide dismutase (sodC) in strain 103 of R. equi using a double-crossover homologous recombination approach. Virulence testing by clearance after intravenous injection in mice showed that the htrA and narG mutants were fully attenuated, the purC and sodC mutants were unchanged, and the pepD mutant was slightly attenuated. Complementation with the pREM shuttle plasmid restored the virulence of the htrA and pepD mutants but not that of the narG mutant. A single-crossover mutation approach was simpler and faster than the double-crossover homologous recombination technique and was used to obtain mutations in 6 other genes potentially involved in virulence (clpB, fadD8, fbpB, glnA1, regX3, and sigF). These mutants were not attenuated in the mouse clearance assay. We were not able to obtain mutants for genesfurA, galE, and sigE using the single-crossover mutation approach. In summary, the targeted-mutation system had general applicability but was not always completely successful, perhaps because some genes are essential under the growth conditions used or because the success of mutation depends on the target genes.     

富铁宝对仔猪生长性能皮毛状况及血液指标的影响

试验选用体重约9.4kg杜×大×长三元杂交仔猪120头,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,公母各半,以研究日粮中添加不同剂量的富铁宝对仔猪的生长性能、肤色、毛况及血液理化指标的影响。结果表明,在含无机铁100mg/kg的基础日粮中添加富铁宝300mg/kg可提高仔猪的日增重2.78%(P>0.05),降低料重比7.52%(P>0.05);添加富铁宝300～400mg/kg可显著改善仔猪的肤色和毛况(P<0.05),添加富铁宝300mg/kg提高了仔猪血红蛋白浓度和血清铁浓度,分别比对照组提高17.24%(P<0.05)和12.72%(P>0.05),降低了血清总铁结合力(P>0.05)。这表明,添加富铁宝使铁的代谢活性成分提高,从而改善生长性能和仔猪肤色和毛况。根据试验结果,9.4～25kg仔猪日粮中可添加300mg/kg富铁宝,并与100mg/kg硫酸亚铁配合使用。     

核桃试管嫩茎生根的形态结构及激素调控研究

 以核桃品种‘新早丰’试管嫩茎为试材, 对其诱导生根过程中的形态结构及相关的生长素(IAA) 和脱落酸(ABA) 变化进行了研究。证实诱导生根过程中核桃嫩茎不定根原基发生于形成层, 特别是髓射线正对的形成层部分; 根原基起始分化期为诱导第6 天左右, 伸长期是第10天; 如果12 d之后仍放在诱导培养基中, 生根率下降, 并且出现茎基愈伤化、茎尖变黑和叶片脱落等现象; 若生根诱导10 d后转入无植物生长调节剂培养基, 培养5 d左右可见根尖突出表皮, 根系发育正常; 同时与不定根形态发生相应的内源IAA和ABA的变化是根原基的发生期和伸长期, 内源IAA出现高峰, 内源ABA呈上升趋势,IAA /ABA值在根原基的发生前为最大, 随后降低。本研究不仅从形态结构证实了二步生根法的合理性, 而且从生理学角度阐述了不定根发生的IAA /ABA调控机制。     

Population structure of poplar rust Melampsora larici-populina in the UK inferred from AFLP

AFLP profiles were generated from poplar leaf rust ( Melampsora larici-populina ) collected from Populus trichocarpa cv. Trichobel at six sites in the UK in 2001. Of a total of 145 isolates, 121 were unique AFLP phenotypes. On one occasion, the same AFLP phenotype was found at two sites. The analysis indicated that 81·88% of the total variation was attributable to differences among individuals within replicate plots, 3·47% to differences among plots within sites and 14·65% to differences among sites. Weir & Cockerham's θ was calculated as 0·138 and θ ^B , the Bayesian analogue of F _ST, as 0·146. Overall, there was sufficient gene flow among different sites to prevent genetic drift, as Nm was calculated as 1·562 using θ and as 1·462 using θ ^B . Nei's genetic distance and population-assignment test indicated that the rust from a site in north-east England was differentiated from those from other sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances. The results indicate that sexual reproduction has a major influence on the relative lack of population structure of M. larici-populina in the UK.     

草原火对克氏针茅和扁穗冰草的影响试验

草原火刺激克氏针茅和扁穗冰草提前返青,促进扁穗冰草的生长发育,使其盖度、密度、产量等提高,而对克氏针茅产生不良效果,使其密度、盖度、产量等下降.     

基于单片机技术和蓝牙技术的新型智能空调

一部家电配有一个遥控器的模式普遍存在,但经常因为到处找不到遥控器而导致家电无法使用的情况给人们生活带来很多不便,针对这一情况,以家电空调为例,使用手机"蓝牙串口"APP控制蓝牙模块,以单片机为媒介,利用DS18B20温度传感器采集温度,与预设温度进行对比来自动调节温度.STC15F2K60S2单片机通过DS18B20采集温度信号,处理后将温度值与上位机(手机)设定值作比较.单片机控制空调的工作,并且通过蓝牙传给上位机显示当前温度.     

棉花不同生育期淹水历时对其生长状况和产量构成的影响

通过桶栽土培试验,分别在苗期(S)、蕾期(B)、花铃期(F)和吐絮期(T)进行淹水2、4、6、8、10 d的处理,淹水深度均为5 cm,并以全生育期不淹水为对照(CK),探索了黄淮地区夏季棉花不同生育期淹水历时对其生长状况和产量构成的影响。结果表明,在棉花苗期、蕾期和花铃期淹水6 d后,株高和叶面积开始显著小于CK(P0.05)。不同生育期淹水处理均会导致棉花株高、叶面积、果枝数、节数、铃数和单铃质量的下降,且淹水历时越长,下降幅度越大。淹水导致棉花减产最为严重的生育期为花铃期,其余依次为蕾期、苗期和吐絮期,4个生育期在淹水2~10 d条件下的平均减产率分别为28.0%、12.9%、7.3%和2.9%。在棉花苗期,当淹水不超过6 d时,如果排涝及时,其形态指标及产量构成均能在吐絮期恢复至与CK无显著差异水平。在棉花蕾期淹水关键期为4 d,而在花铃期即使淹水2 d也可导致其形态发育停滞,产量无法恢复至CK水平。